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Future of Collective Bargaining and Atypical Work in the Media, Arts and Entertainment Sector

This blog is an initiative of the trade union federations in the Media, Arts and Entertainment sector, who are the European social partners representing workers in the sector across Europe and beyond. It is a sector where “atypical workers” are a significant part of the picture in the labour market. Production and project-based working, as well as the wide range and diversity of workers involved in a given project, mean that multiple, short-term contracts and a variety of employment statuses are a common aspect of working in the sector. The concept of “atypical workers” includes workers who are not hired in a conventional way with a labour law contract, but under civil or commercial law, as well as those working on short-term and part-time contractual arrangements, whether an employment or service-provision contract. Depending on the national context, this includes different types of workers, such as self-employed own-account workers (without employees), workers hired under authors’ contracts, etc. These workers remain a vital part of the workforce in the sector and are highly flexible and highly skilled. Yet too often they remain vulnerable and inadequately covered by the protections offered to workers by labour law and conditions negotiated collectively. For trade unions they are a core, but sometimes hard to reach, group.  

How can social clauses improve working conditions in culture?

April 3, 2026 -

Social conditionality has emerged as a key framework for elevating labour standards within the cultural sector of the European Union Member States. Central to this approach are social clauses: mandatory minimum standards integrated into public procurement, subsidy regulations, and funding agreements. These clauses require subcontractors to meet specific criteria – such as wage adequacy, diverse […]

Basic Income for the Arts in Ireland: Time, Creativity, Mental Health & Sectoral Retention

December 17, 2025 -

Ireland launched the Basic Income for Artists (BIA) pilot in 2022, designed to support 2,000 artists and creative workers with a guaranteed income of €325 per week. The BIA pilot aims to address long-standing issues of precarity of income and sectoral retention in the arts, while investigating, the impact of a direct unconditional support, on artists […]

Digital replicas at work: protecting performers in the age of AI cloning

November 28, 2025 -

For decades, performers and their unions have fought to secure recognition and protection for their creative work. Today, a new frontier of risks and opportunities is opening up for performers in the form of digital replicas. Digital replicas are computer-generated imitations of real people created with artificial intelligence systems or equivalent digital technologies.

European Union This project and publication have received the support of the European Union. The publication reflects the views of the authors only and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use of the information contained therein.